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The project is in Kigamboni, about ten miles south of the ferry to the city center. Mpetula and her colleagues face two familiar impediments: money and politics. Like most countries in sub-Saharan Africa, Tanzania is urbanizing while still poor. Smaller economies mean less money for investments in housing and infrastructure. Moreover, while most East Asian cities grew alongside a manufacturing boom that created jobs, African industry remains stunted. According to government statistics, Tanzania, with a population of 60 million, had just 2. Apartment blocks and commericial buildings butt up against each other in central Dar es Salaam.
Tanzania's current housing shortage is estimated at three million units and increasing by , units a year. Under the populist President John Magufuli, who assumed office in , centralized control over Dar and other cities has tightened—in part, some critics say, to rein in local leaders who are often members of the opposition.
Property taxes and other streams of revenue that used to be collected by local authorities are now channeled through Dodoma, adding an additional layer of bureaucracy and further distancing citizens from the planning process.
Magufuli, like Nyerere before him, has focused on development outside of Dar, shifting thousands of government jobs to Dodoma, and prioritizing rural roads and a high-speed railway from Dar to the capital that will eventually reach neighboring Rwanda. He has also curtailed projects seen as wasteful or unviable, as part of a wider campaign against corruption. Other seemingly more viable projects have faced delays as well. North of the city center, the concrete shells of eight story towers, known as Kawe , sit half-built on a stretch of prime oceanfront property.
The project, developed by the state-owned National Housing Corporation NHC , is meant to kick-start development of a 50, resident satellite city—one of five envisioned in the draft master plan. Some believe Magufuli is reluctant to authorize the completion of a high-end project like this when demand for affordable housing is so acute. He insists Kawe will still move forward. It will eventually include homes for a mix of income levels, he says. Over the last decade, towers of blue-tinged glass have transformed its downtown skyline; excluding South Africa, the city is now home to four of the ten tallest buildings in sub-Saharan Africa.
Over time, investments driven by rising property values and the upgrading of some informal settlements have helped revitalize some of its poorest neighborhoods. Construction of a second line is expected to begin this year, with plans to scale up to six lines and stations by But it helped Dar win the global Sustainable Transport Award in and has also spawned new clusters of offices, businesses, and apartments, helping the city densify in a manner that better links people to jobs and industry to markets.
Residents die nearly every year in floods that are only getting worse as climate change increases torrential rains and as the spread of pavement in the sprawling city increases runoff. Friends relax in the shade of a sea wall on a beach in Dar es Salaam. Sea walls are one of the most visible ways this fast-growing city is trying to adapt to a fast-changing climate.
In , with financing from the U. The quest for resilience is an individual matter as well. Initially he sold water to motorists stuck in traffic. Later, he got into the chips business by first peeling potatoes for a friend. Along the way he married and had a daughter.
In his early years he lived in a house that often flooded. The city hopes to dramatically expand the BRT network in the coming years. From to the price of maize when bought wholesale more than tripled, from Shillings per kilogram to Shillings per kilogram. Furthermore, allocation of labour within the agricultural sector is largely allocated ineffectively.
These " Feed the Future " programmes heavily invest in nutrition, infrastructure, policy, capacity of institutions and agriculture which is identified by the organisation as a key area of economic growth in the country. Research showed that children of mothers with access to the supplement achieved on average greater than a third of a year more education than those who did not.
Programmes led by the World Food Programme operate within Tanzania. The Supplementary Feeding Programme SFP aims to target acute malnutrition by supplying blended food fortified with vitamins to pregnant women and mothers to children under 5 on a monthly basis. Super Cereal, Vegetable Oil, Pulses and Salt are supplied as part of the Protracted Relief and Recovery Operation to meet the average persons minimum daily caloric requirement of 2, kcal.
Alongside this, various sectors associated with nutrition are targeted such as agriculture, water, sanitation, education, economic development and social progress. PANITA is responsible for ensuring significant attention is given to nutrition in development plans and budgets created on national and regional levels within Tanzania. Tanzania's first "National Science and Technology Policy" was adopted in The objective of the government's "Vision " document was to "transform the economy into a strong, resilient and competitive one, buttressed by science and technology".
Tanzania's revised science policy was published in Entitled "National Research and Development Policy", it recognises the need to improve the process of prioritisation of research capacities, develop international co-operation in strategic areas of research and development, and improve planning for human resources.
It also makes provisions for the establishment of a National Research Fund. This policy was, in turn, reviewed in and In , Tanzania devoted 0. The global average in was 1. Tanzania had 69 researchers in head counts per million population in In , Tanzania counted 15 publications per million inhabitants in internationally catalogued journals, according to Thomson Reuters' Web of Science Science Citation Index Expanded. The average for sub-Saharan Africa was 20 publications per million inhabitants and the global average publications per million inhabitants.
According to the census, the total population was 44,, The population distribution in Tanzania is uneven. Most people live on the northern border or the eastern coast, with much of the remainder of the country being sparsely populated. Approximately 70 per cent of the population is rural, although this percentage has been declining since at least Dodoma population , [] is located in the centre of Tanzania, is the capital of the country, and hosts the National Assembly.
At the time of the foundation of the United Republic of Tanzania in the child mortality rate was deaths per 1, live births. Since independence the rate of child deaths declined to 62 per births. The population consists of about ethnic groups. The population also includes people of Arab, Persian, and Indian origin, and small European and Chinese communities. An estimated 70, Arabs and 10, Europeans lived in Tanzania. Some albinos in Tanzania have been the victims of violence in recent years. The country has banned witch doctors to try to prevent the practice, but it has continued and albinos remain targets.
According to Tanzanian government statistics, the total fertility rate in Tanzania was 5. Official statistics on religion are unavailable because religious surveys were eliminated from government census reports after The word for religion in Swahili, dini, generally apply to the world religions of Christianity and Islam meaning that followers of African Traditional Religions are consider to be of "no religion". Religious belonging is often ambiguous, with some people adhering to multiple religious identities at the same time for instance being Christian but also following African Traditional rituals something which point to that religious boundaries are flexible and contextual.
Nearly the entire population of Zanzibar is Muslim. A growing number have adopted Pentecostalism , and Adventists likewise have an increasing presence because of external missionary activities from Scandinavia and the United States, especially during the first part of the 20th century. More than languages are spoken in Tanzania , making it the most linguistically diverse country in East Africa. Swahili is used in parliamentary debate, in the lower courts, and as a medium of instruction in primary school. English is used in foreign trade, in diplomacy, in higher courts, and as a medium of instruction in secondary and higher education, [26] The Tanzanian government, however, has plans to discontinue English as a language of instruction.
Nor are they taught as a subject, though they might be used unofficially in some cases in initial education. Television and radio programmes in an ECL are prohibited, and it is nearly impossible to get permission to publish a newspaper in an ECL. Arabic is co-official in Zanzibar. The Sandawe people speak a language that may be related to the Khoe languages of Botswana and Namibia, while the language of the Hadzabe people , although it has similar click consonants , is arguably a language isolate.
In , the literacy rate in Tanzania for persons aged 15 and over was estimated to be As of [update] , life expectancy at birth was 61 years. Malaria in Tanzania causes death and disease and has a "huge economic impact". According to the Tanzania Demographic and Health Survey , 15 per cent of Tanzanian women had undergone female genital mutilation FGM [] : page and 72 per cent of Tanzanian men had been circumcised. Dar es Salaam , Pwani , and Morogoro regions , northern Kilimanjaro , Tanga , Arusha, and Manyara regions , and central areas Dodoma and Singida regions and below 50 per cent only in the southern highlands zone Mbeya , Iringa , and Rukwa regions.
Women and men have equality before the law. Tanzania's literary culture is primarily oral. Books in Tanzania are often expensive and hard to come by. Two Tanzanian art styles have achieved international recognition. Historically, there were limited opportunities for formal European art training in Tanzania and many aspiring Tanzanian artists left the country to pursue their vocation.
Football is very popular throughout the country. Other popular sports include basketball , netball , boxing, volleyball , athletics , and rugby.
Online betting website PariMatch was launched in in Tanzania. Tanzania has a popular film industry known as "Bongo Movie". The music industry is known as "Bongo Flava" which is in itself also a niche genre of music in Tanzania. This article incorporates text from a free content work. To learn how to add open license text to Wikipedia articles, please see this how-to page.
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This article is about the country in East Africa. For the spider genus, see Tanzania spider. Country in East Africa.