Online dating region in Tirana Albania

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The World Bank predicted that Albania, Kosovo, and Montenegro could lose up to half of their expected tourism revenue if travel restrictions remain in place through August. While many countries have begun reopening borders, ongoing international travel restrictions and the possibility of future border closures will undoubtedly continue to impact economic stability.

Seasonal workers have continued to travel to Western Europe from Bulgaria, Croatia, and Romania to satisfy its demand for cheap labor.

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Yet some migrants may find that high unemployment and a lack of social assistance will force them back to their countries of origin. These returnees are likely to remain vulnerable to precarious labor contracts, as well as the cycle of out-migration due to a lack of employment opportunities in their countries of origin and few integration mechanisms for returnees.

The European Commission is among those that have identified brain drain as a significant issue affecting Southeastern Europe. Once new Member States are admitted, the accession rules undoubtedly will include provisions temporarily limiting and regulating access to the EU labor market in order to mitigate immediate large-scale migration. Nonetheless, as transitional systems in Bulgaria Croatia, and Romania have shown, many individuals will likely make use of their new right to freedom of movement.

There is no European Union-wide strategy to curb East-West migration or improve regional diaspora engagement to mitigate the impact of depopulation. However, the growing importance and successes of diaspora engagement strategies across Southeastern Europe provide a vital testing ground for plausible policy prescriptions. Southeastern European governments have begun shifting their diaspora engagement to include economic engagement, yet the region—particularly EU Member States that receive less guidance from international organizations—continues to face logistical and capacity challenges.

Governments lack important data about their diasporas and face challenges from emigrants and their children who feel less connections to the countries of origin, as well as from returnees who require specialized support. While diaspora engagement alone cannot address the broader demographic challenges that Southeast European states experience, it can help mitigate some of the social and economic losses. Diaspora engagement requires long-term planning, and policymakers should not assume diasporas will automatically contribute to their states of origin.

By fostering positive, mutually beneficial relations and implementing investment-friendly policies, Southeastern European states can continue to enable capital transfers to support regional development amid the challenges of large-scale depopulation. Armitage, Alanna. Available online. Andriescu, Monica.

ON STAGE in Albania

Migration Information Source , May 1, Balkan Insight, June 18, Bami, Xhorxhina. Balkan Insight, November 1, Brubaker, William Rogers. Jennifer Jackson and Lina Molokotos-Liederman. New York: Routledge. Chudinovskikh, Olga and Mikhail Denisenko.

Migration Information Source , May 18, Gamlen, Alan, Michael E. Cummings, and Paul M. Explaining the Rise of Diaspora Institutions. Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 45 4 : Garding, Sarah. Weak by Design?

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International Political Science Review 39 3 : Diaspora Policies in Theory and Practice. Hungarian Journal of Minority Studies 1 1 : Judah, Tim. Balkan Insight, November 7, Kiersz, Andy and Madison Hoff. The 20 Fastest-Shrinking Countries in the World. Business Insider, July 16, Koch, Svetlana. Koinova, Maria and Gerasimos Tsourapas.

Multiple Actors and Comparative Perspectives. Kosovo Agency of Statistics. Kosovo Population Projection Prishtina: Kosovo Agency of Statistics.

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McIntyre, Chris and Alan Gamlen. Geoforum Policy on Cooperation with Diaspora. Official Gazette of Bosnia and Herzegovina no. Ministry of Romanians Abroad. National Strategy for Romanians Abroad — Republic of Albania, Ministry of State on Diaspora. National Strategy on Diaspora and Migration Republic of Bulgaria.

Republic of Croatia. Zagreb: The Croatian Parliament.

National Strategy for Diaspora Republic of Montenegro. Law on Cooperation between Montenegro and the Diaspora-Emigrants. Republic of North Macedonia. National Strategy for Cooperation with the Diaspora Republic of Serbia.

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Law on Diaspora and Serbs in the Region. Republic of Serbia Official Gazette No. Republic of Slovenia. Riazantsev, Sergei. Ilkka Liikanen, James W. Scott, and Tiina Sotkasiira. Population, Space and Place 24 1 , e Accessed June 22, World Population Prospects New York: United Nations.

Vracic, Alida. London: European Council on Foreign Relations. Waterbury, Myra A. Open Democracy, April 20, World Bank Group. Accessed June 25, Press release, April 22, Skip to main content. Adjust Font. In the field of education, illiteracy was eliminated among the country's adult population. The nation incurred large debts initially with Yugoslavia until , then the Soviet Union until and China from the middle of the s.

Today a secular state without any official religion , religious freedoms and practices were severely curtailed during the communist era with all forms of worship being outlawed. In , the Agrarian Reform Law meant that large swaths of property owned by religious groups were nationalised, mostly the waqfs along with the estates of mosques, tekkes, monasteries and dioceses.

Many believers, along with the ulema and many priests, were arrested and executed. In , a new Decree on Religious Communities required that all their activities be sanctioned by the state alone. After hundreds of mosques and dozens of Islamic libraries containing priceless manuscripts were destroyed, Hoxha proclaimed Albania the world's first atheist state in A law banned all fascist, religious, and antisocialist activity and propaganda. Preaching religion carried a three to ten-year prison sentence.

Nonetheless, many Albanians continued to practice their beliefs secretly. The anti-religious policy of Hoxha attained its most fundamental legal and political expression a decade later: "The state recognizes no religion", states the constitution, "and supports and carries out atheistic propaganda in order to implant a scientific materialistic world outlook in people".

Palermo (Region) to Tirana - 7 ways to travel via train, and bus and ferry

After forty years of communism and isolation as well as the revolutions of , people, most notably students, became politically active and campaigned against the government that led to the transformation of the existing order. Following the popular support in the first multi-party elections of , the communists retained a stronghold in the parliament until the victory in the general elections of led by the Democratic Party.

Considerable economic and financial resources were devoted to pyramid schemes that were widely supported by the government. The schemes swept up somewhere between one sixth and one third of the population of the country. The schemes began to collapse in late , leading many of the investors to join initially peaceful protests against the government, requesting their money back.

The protests turned violent in February as government forces responded with fire. In March, the Police and Republican Guard deserted, leaving their armouries open. These were promptly emptied by militias and criminal gangs. The resulting civil war caused a wave of evacuations of foreign nationals and refugees.

In April , Operation Alba , a UN peacekeeping force led by Italy, entered the country with two goals exclusively to assist with the evacuation of expatriates and to secure the ground for international organisations. The main international organisation that was involved was the Western European Union 's multinational Albanian Police element, which worked with the government to restructure the judicial system and simultaneously the Albanian Police.

Between and , Edi Rama of the Socialist Party won both the and parliamentary elections. As a Prime Minister , he implemented numerous reforms focused on modernising the economy , as well as democratising the state institutions, including the country's judiciary and law enforcement.

Unemployment has been steadily reduced while having the 4th lowest unemployment rate in the Balkans. On 26 November , a 6. For a small country, much of Albania rises into mountains and hills that run in different directions across the length and breadth of its territory. The most extensive mountain ranges are the Albanian Alps in the north, the Korab Mountains in the east, the Pindus Mountains in the southeast, the Ceraunian Mountains in the southwest and the Skanderbeg Mountains in the centre.

Perhaps the most remarkable feature of the country is the presence of numerous important lakes. Rivers rise mostly in the east of Albania and discharge into the Adriatic Sea but as well as into the Ionian Sea to a lesser extent. The longest river in the country, measured from its mouth to its source, is the Drin that starts at the confluence of its two headwaters, the Black and White Drin. The climate in the country is extremely variable and diverse owing to the differences in latitude, longitude and altitude.

The warmest areas of the country are immediately placed along the Adriatic and Ionian Sea Coasts. On the contrary, the coldest areas are positioned within the northern and eastern highlands. The highest temperature of Rainfall naturally varies from season to season and from year to year.

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