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The brown colored hydrosoluble acrylic paint presented good chromatic stability Table 5. The brown color automotive paint presented excellent stability when submitted to accelerated aging, but this was not the case with the blue color.
Although automotive paint is indicated for partial or complete automobile painting, demonstrating that it is highly resistant to intemperate conditions, the blue pigment may have undergone great chromatic alteration due to the chemical instability induced by the interaction with acrylic resin heat cure by microwave energy, or even by the action of the electromagnetic waves generated during polymerization Table 6. Wicks et al. According to these authors, it begins with the absorption of UV light by the polymer, or by another component of the lining, producing a high energy excited state, capable of resulting in homolytic bond scission, generating free radicals.
The products formed are unstable species in the photo-oxidation process which, by action of sunlight and moderate heating, dissociate themselves, producing alcoxi PO. These radicals are highly reactive, maintaining the continuity of polymer degradation. The end of the photo-oxidation process may occur by combination of the free radicals generated at the beginning and in propagation, forming a stable product.
The addition of stabilizers would be responsible for the autostabilization of the free radicals, minimizing the polymer degradation process. Ranby, Rabek 15 presented a relation between the wavelength and the dissociation energy of different molecules, demonstrating that UV radiation attained at the earth's surface is sufficiently rich in energy to rupture covalent bonds, such as those found in polymers.
Only the light absorbed is capable of starting photochemical degradation processes. Using reflection spectrophotometry, D'Almeida 3 assessed the action of accelerated aging on acrylic and automotive paints used for painting artificial irises for prosthetic eyes. The two paints presented similar behaviors when submitted to accelerated aging, the pigments brown and black being those that presented excellent stability, in agreement with the results of the present study.
In the literature researched, no mention was found regarding the alteration of hydrosoluble gouache paint when submitted to ultraviolet radiation, which may occur due to the attack of chemical groupings not very resistant to the action of ultraviolet rays. The resin and the possible combinations between resins represent the main component in any paint. The physical-chemical properties of paint, such as applicability, drying, curing, durability, adhesion, chemical and mechanical resistance, flexibility and hardness are basically governed by the nature of the resins.
Some minor variations of these properties may be achieved by modifying other components in the formulation, but the system of resins has the greatest influence. The durability of this system of resins also works as a factor limiting the stability of the paint, and deserves special attention for obtaining a product with good performance.
In the present study, the brown color demonstrated higher chromatic stability than the blue color when submitted to accelerated aging, in all the paints assessed. Theoretically, light colors reflect the radiation incident on them, while dark colors absorb it. Thus, dark colors should present greater instability when submitted to ultraviolet radiation, by the greater absorption and larger quantity of electromagnetic rays influencing their behavior.
Dark pigments demonstrated higher resistance to the degrading effects of ultraviolet radiation, possibly due to the formation of more stable chemical bonds, not subject to breaking in short periods of aging. Another important factor is the possible incorporation of impurities during the obtainment of paints. Some impurities absorb light and make polymers sensitive to UV radiation, such as residues of catalyzers, products of the oxidation itself, and substances added during the manufacturing process, which probably occurred with the blue pigment.
Polymers that have basic groups of UV absorbers in their structure are susceptible to photochemical degradation. Therefore, after analyzing the results and discussing them in view of the results found in the related literature, the authors of the present study indicate the use of oil paint in the colors brown and blue for clinical fabrication of artificial eyes due to its more stable behavior when submitted to ultraviolet radiation. Clinically, artificial eyes with irises pigmented in light colors blue should be changed more frequently in order to prevent esthetic alterations due to paint discoloring.
In view of the results obtained with the proposed methodology, it was concluded that:. Bruce GM. The ancient origins of artificial eyes.
Ann Hist Med. The development of acrylic eye prosthesis at the National Naval Medical Center. J Am Dent Assoc. D'Almeida NF. Dyer NA. The artificial eye. Aust J Ophthalmol.
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