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Africa, before the contact with colonialism, had its own form of indigenous technology but with colonial contact, these indigenous forms of technology were abandoned for western values so much so that we now regard our own technological innovations as inferior to imported technology. But experience has shown that in times of dire needs, most African states have resorted to age-long indigenous technologies to solve particular problems.

The Igbo of South-East Nigeria has shown great resilience and zeal in homing-in on indigenous technology to drive development in areas like tooling, fabrication of spare parts, local construction of machines and even in health care delivery sectors. However, the absence of inclusive political and economic institutions as well as property rights that encourage innovations has not allowed for the mass mobilization of such indigenous technological development.

This paper, therefore, sets out to examine the role of indigenous technology in sustainable development in Africa with particular emphasis on the Igbo indigenous technology. The paper will rely essentially on secondary sources of data and would employ content analysis as its method of data analysis.

Sustainable design focuses on using materials and design strategies that protect the environment and save energy for future generations. It is imperative for design practitioners and students globally, as well as in Nigeria to design spaces that embody the principles of sustainability. Sustainable design principles will help conserve energy and protect the environment for future generations. In this paper, the author discusses sustainable design strategies and practices with recommendations for the building industry in Nigeria.

The author begins by presenting an overview and historical perspective of sustainable design practices in Nigeria, particularly how precolonial cultures practiced sustainable design and were earth-centered and environmentally friendly. However, due to rapid urbanization and industrialization, these sustainable practices were abandoned.

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Pedagogical examples will illustrate how design students and practitioners in the building industry in Nigeria can implement sustainable design strategies to gain benefits such as lowering operating costs; conserve energy, water and other resources; and create healthier and safer environments for occupants. Oluwatoyin A. Poverty and underdevelopment are often intertwined with poor health.

However, not so well known are the successful efforts within Nigeria by Nigerians to improve the health status of Nigerians. One of the greatest assets of the Ibarapa Programme is its repository of biomedical data, records and consented patients that has served as the basis of international collaborative efforts to unravel the genetic and molecular basis of many diseases.

Our objective is to highlight the work of the Ibarapa Programme in NTDs, rural health, public health, education, training and research. The stakeholder education and interdisciplinary synergism that this program provides to UI and their international partners will be illustrated. Additionally, a needs assessment and the ongoing work of the Ibarapa Programme in developing indigenous intellectual capability and infastructure will be presented. This paper will explore how different West African nations handled the disease and the roles played in success and failures. The socioeconomic cultural and other impacts on the nations impacted will also be explored.

The effect of the built environment on disease control and spread will also be investigated.

VI. Eastern Africa

Tagged as the most populous city in Africa with ever increasing population; the daunting challenges of managing urban agglomeration with attendant effects on security, housing, health services ,infrastructure management and environment sustainability as been one that the Lagos State Government has to grapple with.

The task of managing the myriads of shanty towns and slums spread all over the city centers and the peri-urban locations have led the state to intensify efforts in its urban renewal programme. The launch into the inevitable urban renewal programme has generated a lot of conflicts and recorded human rights abuses with various responses from citizens. The Programme will also be benchmarked against other international best practices like participation respect for human right of the urban poor.

Democracy can only be meaningful if the people are given the freedom and liberty to choose those who will represent their interest. In African, since independence, the form and function of the state has remained basically the same. Politics remains the nerve centre where power is sought by all means in a legacy of lawless political competition amidst an ideological void.

This power struggle is so outstanding that the pursuit of development is consigned to the dustbin. This paper is an attempt to evaluate and analyse democratic processes in Nigeria especially as it relates to the problem of orderly transition and the ability of the people to choose their representatives in a free and fair manner. The paper explains that because most of those who find themselves in elective positions go there through fraudulent means, they have little regard for the welfare of the people. The paper further claims that African Leaders and foreign financial institutions have a wrong notion of democracy and that instead of democracy advancing the welfare of the people, our leaders and western nations look at democracy from the perspective of human rights.

The paper adopts the political interaction framework, which presumes that the State — Society relationship is central to the political dynamics of African democracy. The further posits that the survival of the 4th Republic is dependent upon the strengthening of democratic institutions and competitive politics based on African cultural norms.

Climate change and its resultant perennial rainfall culminating in erosion and washing away of ozone layers of soil has implicated agriculture and stable food supply. The maize genotypes were evaluated in a randomized complete block design in three replications for a period of three months at the Teaching and Research Farm of the Federal University of Technology Akure FUTA ; Nigeria; to determine yield performance, magnitude of variability of agronomic traits and degree of association among the traits during a period of rainfall stability July to September.

Results confirmed high heritability for characters like days to tasseling, number of cobs, cob weight and number of plant stands for all genotypes. It also confirmed the effects of climate change on the genotypes as only: TZI had the tallest ear, highest number of plants stands, cobs and cob weight while TZEI 9 had the highest relative growth rate and lowest tasseling and silking days confirming improvement possibilities for heritable traits and early emergence of tassel and silk as a proof of early maturity.

The paper recommended that maize genotypes gotten from agro allied sources would yield better production results. However, it was the Liverpool to Manchester Railway, which was completed in , that confirmed its commercial viability and possible replication across the globe or world. From Britain railway technology was imported into continental Europe; and later to other parts of the world. Beginning from the s, as European imperialist countries were forcibly taking over African territories, to exploit their resources, they decided to replicate the successes and advantages railway had brought to other parts of the world.

This paper, therefore, seeks to locate Nigerian colonial and postcolonial railway development experience in the global context of the nexus between railway technological innovation and economic and social development. In essence, the paper seeks to find answers to questions such as: In what specific ways did railways in Nigeria play out the experience of their British ancestors or predecessors?

Can the history of the railways in Nigeria serve as a good example for discussing colonial railways in the global south?

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And so forth. This raises a number of questions begging for answers; for example: what is the nature and patterns of conflicts in the Jos city? What are the issues involved and their dynamics? Who are the parties and why?

The paper argues that contestations over indigeneship status and who owns the city among Nigerian citizens resident in the town are parts of the root causes of the conflicts. The paper is based on primary and secondary sources; relies on oral interviews, archival materials and also on literature of secondary status. The method of presentation and analysis is chronological descriptive, as well as analytical. In other words, it is a qualitative research.

Augustine E. Bush pronounced the creation of a new military security initiative for Africa known as Africa Command or Africom.

Following the twin bombings in of U. According Robert G. It will also attempt to provide answers if Africom is good or bad for Africa. Education has been used as an instrument per excellence for effective national development by successive governments in Nigeria; yet the realization of technological advance has remained a mirage. This paper looks at existing policies on education vis a vis the curriculums for vocational and conventional programmes in schools to find out if the end has justified the means.

Adequacy and quality of facilities and equipment in institutions and vocational training centers were determined, re-training of trainers for capacity building and the level of achievement of educational goals and objectives were viewed. The paper concludes that the way forward for the country is to revisit the purpose of education in nation building and handle it in a way that would ultimately lead to self-reliance, job creation, security, as well as economic growth and development through proper and adequate funding and monitoring. Suggestions for improvement by taking clue from the Asian Tigers were given.

Politics, Economy and Society South of the Sahara in 2012

The cloth produced from the narrow loom is known as Aso Ofi; used during important occasions like marriages, naming, chieftaincies, coronations and burials. This paper observed that Aso Ofi has suffered developmental predicaments due to repetitive designs and heavy weight such that weavers suffered manpower underutilization making the textile to be unpopular for everyday use.

The study organized capacity building for weavers chosen from six major weaving centres in South Western Nigeria on improved production techniques. Respondents were also interviewed on cultural values, innovativeness and mass production potentials of the Aso Ofi made in the study. T-test analyses for Innovativeness, texture and weight reduction, cultural values and encouragement of youth weavers acceptable values T-calculated being 2.

As creative beings they can still influence the world if they are given the chance despite their situation. This is an Art workshop organised for students of Modupe Cole who are physically challenged and in order to make them believe in themselves and to bring out the best in them in terms of creativity and entrepreneurial skills and to know that all is not lost after all. The student-participants would be randomly selected among male and female students of Modupe Cole Memorrial Childcare, Lagos. The workshop is to make them create different art forms that would bring out the best creativity in them and make them job producers.

The processes of producing the art work are to be recorded in photographs and video and the end products are to be properly packaged and exhibited for members of the public for patronage. Scholars across many disciplines have studied the level of technological development in African, and how Africa has contributed to the world development scheme, mostly as a consumer or at very best passive pattern.

However, studies have revealed that much of the earliest technologies in human history were either developed or extensively improved on in Africa.

Focusing on metallurgical and glass making traditions, this paper examines the history of technological development in Africa, linking it to the broader development debate in the continent. To do this, the paper explores archaeological, historical, oral traditional, and documentary sources.

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It argues that knowledge of the past technological advancement in Africa is an important impetus that must be embraced for the present developmental projection for the continent. Today virtually all the African countries are practicing democracy. Nigeria began to operate democratic rule since independence but the military intervention has always truncated it until when Nigeria began to operate an uninterrupted democratic rule.

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