Hook up clubs near Enugu Nigeria
Contents:
About the 11th century ad, Yoruba city-states developed in western Nigeria, and some, such as Benin, became powerful kingdoms in later centuries. During medieval times, northern Nigeria had contact with the large kingdoms of the western Sudan Ghana, Mali, and Songhai and with countries of the Mediterranean across the Sahara. Until the arrival of the British, northern Nigeria was economically oriented toward the north and east, and woven cloth and leatherwork were exported as far as the North African ports of the Mediterranean.
See more of Sexynaija dating site for naija singles on Facebook. Log In. Forgot account? or. Create New Account. Not Now. Related Pages. Soul mate hookup. Name: Fab Nicolas Location: Enugu Nigeria Age: 27yrs. Occuation: Dj Sex: Male Phone number: Wants a Lady around yes, within Enugu.
At the beginning of the 19th century, a jihad, or holy war , led by a Fulani sheikh, Uthman dan Fodio, established Fulani rule over the surviving Hausa kingdoms, until the British conquest at the end of the century. In the south, the Portuguese were the first Europeans to establish close relations with the coastal people. In the late 15th century, they established a depot to handle trade goods and slaves from Benin.
The Portuguese monopoly was broken after a century, and other European nations participated in the burgeoning slave trade. The British abolished slave trading in , and thereafter-British policy was directed at enforcing that ban on other nations. Interest in legitimate commerce developed slowly, but the discovery of the mouth of the Niger in provided an important impetus.
The extension of British influence over Nigeria was gradual and, initially at least, unplanned. In , the British annexed the island of Lagos, an important center of palm oil trade; thereafter, they gradually extended their influence over the adjacent mainland of Yorubaland. In , British influence over the eastern coast, which had been promoted since by consular agents, was regularized by the establishment of the Oil Rivers Protectorate. This too was gradually extended inland and became the Niger Coast Protectorate in The acquisition of the interior of Nigeria, however, was accomplished largely by Sir George Goldie, founder of the Royal Niger Company, who by had eliminated commercial competition on the Niger and, by claiming treaties with responsible African authorities, had secured recognition of British influence over the Niger Basin by the European powers at the Berlin Conference.
This influence was far more fancied than real; but it provided the basis for British rule over northern Nigeria, which was consolidated by a series of punitive expeditions culminating in the establishment of the Protectorate of Northern Nigeria in The three separate administrative units were finally amalgamated in into the Colony and Protectorate of Nigeria, with Sir Frederick Lugard as governor-general.
Despite the ostensible unification, the administrative individuality of the three separate regions — North, East, and West — was maintained. The chief characteristic of British rule in Nigeria was its system of local administration, known as indirect rule. In real terms though, indirect rule depended on a system of centralized political units with local or native chiefs at the lowest rungs of the hierarchy.
It functioned well in the North, with variable success in the West, and poorly in the East. After World War II , increasing pressures for self-government resulted in a succession of short-lived constitutions. The constitution of established a federal form of government, greatly extending the functions of the regional governments.
A constitutional conference of May and June decided upon immediate self-government for the Eastern and Western regions, the Northern to follow in The step from self-government to independence was quickly taken. On 1 October , Nigeria became a fully independent member of the British Commonwealth, and on 1 October it became a republic. Nnamdi Azikiwe was elected the first president of the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Internal unrest began almost as soon as Nigeria raised its own flag; but its roots lay in the complex ethnic composition of the regions.
It boiled over to resentment over the domination of the federal government by Northern elements, and culminated in a military coup on 15 January By 17 January, Maj. Johnson Aguiyi-Ironsi, commander-in-chief of the army, had suppressed the revolt and assumed supreme power.
He suspended the constitution and dissolved the legislature, established a military government, and appointed military governors to replace the popularly elected civilian governors in the regions. On 29 July , mutinous elements in the army, largely Northern army officers, staged a countercoup, killed Gen. Ironsi, and replaced him with Lt. Yakubu Gowon as head of the military government. The July coup led to the massacre of thousands of Easterners residing in the Northern Region and to the exodus of more than one million persons mostly Ibos to the Eastern Region. On 28 May , Col.
Gowon assumed emergency powers as head of the Federal Military Government and announced the division of the country into 12 states. The Northern Region was split into 6 states; the Mid-West, Western, and Lagos areas each became separate states; and 3 states were formed from the Eastern Region.
Odumegwu Ojukwu as head of state. On 6 July, the federal government declared war on the fledgling republic. By the time the war ended on 12 January , Biafra had been reduced to about one-tenth of its original 78,sq-km 30,sq-mi area; a million or more persons had perished, many from disease and starvation; many more had become refugees at home or abroad. Following the surrender, many Ibos returned to their former positions in Lagos, and Gen.
Gowon's military regime sought to rehabilitate the three Eastern states as quickly as possible.
In October , with the civil war behind him, Gen. Gowon set as the target date for Nigeria's return to civilian rule. Political change came slowly, however, and in October , Gowon announced an indefinite postponement of plans for the transfer of power.
Create a 100% Free Account to Browse all Members
The regime's recalcitrance in this and other areas, including its failure to check the power of the state governors and to reduce the general level of corruption, led to Gowon's overthrow on 29 July His successor, Brig. Murtala Ramat Muhammad, moved quickly in dismissing large numbers of officials, many of them corrupt and inefficient; and in establishing an ombudsman commission.
-2965-58262fe527746.jpg?w=300)
One of his plans was to establish a new capital territory in the center of the country, at Abuja. On 13 February , Muhammad was assassinated in the course of an abortive coup. He was replaced as head of the government by the former chief of staff of the armed forces, Lt. Olusegun Obasanjo, who pledged to carry on his predecessor's program.
Disclaimer
In March , a decree established a state federation. Political party activity was again permitted in late , and a new constitution took effect on 1 October , the day Alhaji Shehu Shagari took office as president. The NPP withdrew its support in , leaving Shagari at the head of a minority government. In August , Shagari won reelection to a second term as president; in late December, however, he was ousted in a military coup.
The new military regime, led by Maj. Muhammadu Buhari, provoked growing public dissatisfaction because of its increasingly authoritarian character, and a military coup on 27 August brought Maj. Ibrahim Badamasi Babangida to power. Assuming the title of president, Babangida promised greater respect for human and civil liberties; yet he banned Second Republic — 83 officials from participation in politics for 10 years. A return to full civilian rule was pledged by , with local elections on a nonparty basis, the creation of a constituent assembly, the establishment of no more than two political parties, state elections, a national census, and finally presidential elections.
The first step in the process — local elections on 12 December — were marred by irregularities. To deal with Nigeria's economic troubles, stemming from the fall of world oil prices in the s, Babangida inaugurated a "homegrown" Structural Adjustment Program SAP prompted by the IMF but not directed by them. It involved cuts in public spending, decreased state control over the economy, stimulation of exports, devaluation of the currency, and rescheduling of debt.
A mostly elected Constituent Assembly met in and approved modifications in the constitution. The process of party formation proved awkward in a society as heterogeneous as Nigeria's. None of the 13 potential parties gained Babangida's approval. Instead, he decided to create two new parties, one "a little to the right" of center, another "a little to the left. Babangida's guided program of transition from military rule to a democratic civilian Third Republic was due for completion in But it was marked by crisis after crisis.
Clashes between Muslims and Christians in and spread through northern cities.
Obasanjo, Olusegun 1937–
Hundreds were killed in the rioting itself and then by the army seeking to contain the riots. Pro-democracy groups also emerged across society, in part from frustration with the excesses of military rule; and because of suspicion that the military might renege on plans to turn over power to elected civilians.
In elections for state governors and assemblies, the National Republican Convention NRC won 13 of 30 assemblies and 16 governorships. But voter indifference and fear of intimidation was high. When state governments took office, intraparty wrangling and political violence marred their performance.
www.padam.hu - minivol Resources and Information.
Nonetheless, by January , Nigerians geared up for the national presidential and legislative elections scheduled for later in the year. Nigeria's first successful census since independence results announced in March indicated a population of The election register had to be revised downward, from 70 million to 39 million voters.
We were ninety-five men in total. Free cancellation. The major motor parks include Old motor park at Ogbete market, Newmarket or Gariki motor park. When Human Rights Watch interviewed her in custody in March she bore visible signs of injury, including scarring on her left shoulder. She said I will never have peace in my life as I am a liar. Clean sheets, simply furnished rooms and a good breakfast. My casemate told me to agree to the crime or they would shoot me.
On 20 May , the government banned all political, religious, and ethnic organizations other than the two approved political parties. In legislative elections held on 4 July, the left-of-center SDP won 47 of the 91 Senate seats and of the seats in the House of Representatives. The right-of-center NRC won 37 and seats, respectively. The ruling military council pushed back the transition date until January ; it also postponed the inauguration of the National Assembly to coincide with the formal take-off of the Third Republic. In August and September, the country began the process of narrowing the field of presidential candidates from 20 to 2 in preparation for the December elections.
But on 17 November , Babangida announced a third delay in the transfer of power from 2 January until 27 August Political violence and charges of electoral fraud disrupted the first round of presidential primaries. The second round in September was flawed, too.