Contents:
Previous studies find storage potential in the Atlantic continental margin. Up to 16 Gt and Gt of storage potential are estimated for the Upper Cretaceous and Lower Cretaceous formations, respectively. Considering 2. In order to produce a time-depth relationship, a velocity model must be constructed. This velocity model is created using previously collected seismic reflection, refraction, and well data in the study area.
An interpolated seismic section was created using these seismic horizons. A velocity model will be made using P-wave velocities from seismic reflection data. Once the time-depth conversion is complete, the depths of stratigraphic units in the seismic refraction data will be compared to the newly assigned depths of the seismic horizons. With a lack of well control in the study area, the addition of stratigraphic unit depths from seismic refraction recording stations provides adequate data to tie to the depths of picked seismic horizons.
Using this velocity model, the seismic reflection data can be presented in depth in order to estimate the thickness and storage potential of CO2 reservoirs in the Southeastern United States Atlantic Continental Margin. Rollback of an intraoceanic subduction system and termination against a continental margin. The Southeast Indian Slab SEIS seismic anomaly has been suggested to represent a Tethyan intraoceanic subduction system which operated during the Jurassic until its termination at or near the margin of East Gondwana Simmons et al.
As plate reconstructions suggest the downgoing plate remained coupled to the continental margin , this long-lived system likely experienced a significant amount of slab rollback and trench migration up to km. Using a 2D thermomechanical numerical code that includes the effects of phase transitions, we test this interpretation by modeling the long-term subduction, transition zone stagnation, and rollback of an intraoceanic subduction system in which the downgoing plate remains coupled to a continental margin.
In addition, we also investigate the termination style of such a system, with a particular focus on the potential for some continental subduction beneath an overriding oceanic plate.
These observations imply that photoinduced release of H2 involves a barrier to the combination of the two nascent H atoms, in contrast to a barrierless process for monometallic inorganic complexes, and further suggest that H2 formation involves nuclear tunneling through that barrier. Departure Station Jiamusi. Results also indicate a minimum in terrace roughening which results in a peak in anisotropic ratio at the non-OCP applied potential of mV vs OCP. Erosion by slumping, sliding, and debris flows ultimately will transport the wastes from the continental slope and disperse it over potentially large areas on the continental rise and abyssal plain. The body size and trophic level for each taxon are estimated on the basis of comparison with extant closely related taxa. Dinosaur trackways have rarely been reported in Cretaceous strata across the African continent.
This work performed under the auspices of the U. The South China continental margin is characterized by a widespread magmatic belt, prominent NE-striking faults and numerous rifted basins filled by Cretaceous-Eocene sediments. The geology denotes a transition from active to passive margin , which led to rapid modifications of crustal stress configuration and reactivation of older faults in this area.
Our zircon fission-track data in this region show two episodes of exhumation: The first episode, occurring during Ma, affected local parts of the Nanling Range. The second episode, a more regional exhumation event, occurred during Ma, including the Yunkai Terrane and the Nanling Range. Numerical geodynamic modeling was conducted to simulate the subduction between the paleo-Pacific plate and the South China Block. The modeling results could explain the fact that exhumation of the granite-dominant Nanling Range occurred earlier than that of the gneiss-dominant Yunkai Terrane.
In addition to the difference in rock types, the heat from Jurassic-Early Cretaceous magmatism in Nanling may have softened the upper crust, causing the area to exhume more readily than Yunkai. Numerical modeling results also indicate that 1 high lithospheric geothermal gradient, high slab dip angle and low convergence velocity favor the reversal of crustal stress state from compression to extension in the upper continental plate; 2 late Mesozoic magmatism in South China was probably caused by a slab roll-back; and 3 crustal extension could have occurred prior to the cessation of plate subduction.
The inversion of stress regime in the continental crust from compression to crustal extension imply that the Late Cretaceous-early Paleogene red-bed basins in South China could have formed during the late stage of the subduction, accounting for the occurrence of volcanic events in some sedimentary basins. We propose that the rifting started as early as Late Cretaceous, probably before the cessation of subduction process.
Interrelation between rifting, faulting, sedimentation, and mantle serpentinization during continental margin formation. We explore the conditions under which mantle serpentinization may take place during continental rifting with 2D thermotectonostratigraphic basin models. The basic concept follows the idea that the entire extending continental crust has to be brittle for crustal scale faulting and mantle serpentinization to occur.
The new model tracks the rheological evolution of the continental crust and allows for kinetically controlled mantle serpentinization processes. The isostatic and latent heat effects of the reaction are fully coupled to the structural and thermal solutions. A systematic parameter study shows that a critical stretching factor exists for which complete crustal embrittlement and serpentinization occurs. Sedimentation shifts this critical stretching factor to higher values as both deeper burial and the low thermal conductivity of sediments lead to higher crustal temperatures.
Serpentinization reactions are therefore only likely in settings with low sedimentation rates and high stretching factors. In addition, we find that the rate of sediment supply has first order controls on the rheology of the lower crust, which may control the overall margin geometry. We further test these concepts in ideas in a case study for the Norwegian margin.
In particular, we evaluate whether the inner lower crustal bodies LCB imaged beneath the More and Voring margin could be serpentinized mantle. For this purpose we reconstruct multiple 2D transects through a 3D data set. This reconstruction of the Norwegian margin shows that serpentinization reactions are indeed possible and likely during the Jurassic rift phase. Predicted present-day thicknesses and locations of partially serpentinized mantle rocks fit well to information on LCBs from seismic and gravity data.
We conclude that some of the inner LCBs beneath the Norwegian margin may, in fact, be partially serpentinized mantle. Submarine slope failures along the convergent continental margin of the Middle America Trench.
We present the first comprehensive study of mass wasting processes in the continental slope of a convergent margin of a subduction zone where tectonic processes are dominated by subduction erosion. We found abundant evidence of large-scale slope failures that were mostly previously unmapped. The features are classified into a variety of slope failure types, creating an inventory of slope failure structures. Their type distribution and abundance define a segmentation of the continental slope in six sectors. The segmentation appears to be better explained by changes in slope preconditioning due to variations in tectonic processes.
The region is an optimal setting to study how tectonic processes related to variations in intensity of subduction erosion and changes in relief of the underthrusting plate affect mass wasting processes of the continental slope. The largest slope failures occur offshore Costa Rica. There, subducting ridges and seamounts produce failures with up to hundreds of meters high headwalls, with detachment planes that penetrate deep into the continental margin , in some cases reaching the plate boundary.
Offshore northern Costa Rica a smooth oceanic seafloor underthrusts the least disturbed continental slope. Offshore Nicaragua, the ocean plate is ornamented with smaller seamounts and horst and graben topography of variable intensity. Here mass wasting structures are numerous and comparatively smaller, but when combined, they affect a large part of the margin segment.
Farther north, offshore El Salvador and Guatemala the downgoing plate has no large seamounts but. Great earthquakes along the Western United States continental margin : implications for hazards, stratigraphy and turbidite lithology. Recurrence times of Holocene turbidites as proxies for earthquakes on the Cascadia and northern California margins are analyzed using two methods: 1 radiometric dating 14C method , and 2 relative dating, using hemipelagic sediment thickness and sedimentation rates H method.
The H method provides 1 the best estimate of minimum recurrence times, which are the most important for seismic hazards risk analysis, and 2 the most complete dataset of recurrence times, which shows a normal distribution pattern for paleoseismic turbidite frequencies. The minimum recurrence times for great earthquakes are approximately yr for the Cascadia subduction zone and yr for the northern San Andreas Fault, which indicates both fault systems are in Cascadia or very close San Andreas to the early window for another great earthquake.
On active tectonic margins with great earthquakes, the volumes of mass transport deposits MTDs are limited on basin floors along the margins. The great earthquakes along the Cascadia and northern California margins cause seismic strengthening of the sediment, which. Recurrence times of Holocene turbidites as proxies for earthquakes on the Cascadia and northern California margins are analyzed using two methods: 1 radiometric dating 14 C method, and 2 relative dating, using hemipelagic sediment thickness and sedimentation rates H method.
The great earthquakes along the Cascadia and northern California margins. Interpretation of free-air gravity anomaly data for determining the crustal structure across the continental margins and aseismic ridges: Some examples from Indian continental margins and deep-sea basins. We generally deal with free air gravity anomalies in oceans. The free air gravity anomalies mostly mimic the seabed configuration and at times, the deviation observed in the free air Velocity and AVO analysis for the investigation of gas hydrate along a profile in the western continental margin.
The occurrence of gas hydrate has been inferred from the presence of Bottom-Simulating Reflectors BSRs along the western continental margin of India. In this paper, we assess the spatial and vertical distribution of gas hydrates by analyzing Occurrence of gas hydrates along the continental margins of India, particularly the Krishna-Godavari offshore basin.
Processed multibeam data provided a high-resolution seafloor mosaic with a fine scale geomorphology.
Deep tow Geomorphology and Neogene tectonic evolution of the Palomares continental margin Western Mediterranean. The Palomares continental margin is located in the southeastern part of Spain. The margin main structure was formed during Miocene times, and it is currently part of the wide deformation zone characterizing the region between the Iberian and African plates, where no well-defined plate boundary occurs.
The convergence between these two plates is here accommodated by several structures, including the left lateral strike-slip Palomares Fault. The region is characterized by sparse, low to moderate magnitude Mw shallow instrumental earthquakes, although large historical events have also occurred.
To understand the recent tectonic history of the margin we analyze new high-resolution multibeam bathymetry data and re-processed three multichannel seismic reflection profiles crossing the main structures. The analysis of seafloor morphology and associated subsurface structure provides new insights of the active tectonic features of the area.
In contrast to other segments of the southeastern Iberian margin , the Palomares margin contains numerous large and comparatively closely spaced canyons with heads that reach near the coast. The margin relief is also characterized by the presence of three prominent igneous submarine ridges that include the Aguilas, Abubacer and Maimonides highs. Erosive processes evidenced by a number of scars, slope failures, gullies and canyon incisions shape the present-day relief of the Palomares margin. Seismic images reveal the deep structure distinguishing between Miocene structures related to the formation of the margin and currently active features, some of which may reactivate inherited structures.
The structure of the margin started with an extensional phase accompanied by volcanic accretion during the Serravallian, followed by a compressional pulse that started during the Latemost Tortonian. Nowadays, tectonic activity offshore is subdued and limited to few, minor faults, in comparison with the activity recorded onshore.
The deep Algero. Kinematic evolution of the southwestern Arabian continental margin : implications for the origin of the Red Sea. A well-exposed, isotopically-dated succession of magmatic rocks Jizan Group volcanics, Tihama Asir Magmatic Complex allows a kinematic analysis for this part of the Arabian Red Sea margin.