Sexual dating sites in Qom Iran
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Although we found evidences about the role of environmental factors, geographical distribution, and etcetera, many more studies need to be performed in this respect. Multiple sclerosis MS is the most common chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that mainly affects young adults and may cause significant disability. Evidences from studies of different populations over various geographical areas suggested that a complicated interaction of genetic and environmental factors may be involved in the development of MS.
Although many studies have shown significant variance in the prevalence of MS within diverse populations and different geographic areas, a unique geographic distribution for MS has been suggested by many investigators. In addition, an increasing gradient with latitude, has been illustrated for the prevalence of MS within temperate regions, and a generally high prevalence of the disease is documented for the areas located farther away from the equator.
In this study, we reevaluated the files of patients from Qom province in order to investigate the epidemiology of MS in this province. This study was conducted during February to August in Qom Province located in the center of Iran, within the latitudes and the longitudes, It is km 2 in area, coverings 0. Since Qom province is situated beside an arid region, it has a dry, desert, and semi-desert climate with inadequate rainfall and low humidity.
According to the census, the total population of Qom province was people among which In the cases of insufficient information or missing data, if possible, phone contacts with the patients were made; otherwise, they were excluded from the study. Note that all the patients included in this study had been living in Qom for the last 10 years before the onset of the disease.
They are registered by presenting a confirmation letter from the neurologist who has diagnosed the disease based on the worldwide-accepted criteria of Poser et al. Demographic data include age, sex, date of birth, marital and occupational status, number of siblings and children, home address, and smoking status. Clinical information, recorded by a trained general practitioner through an interview with the patient, provides the time of onset, diagnosis and presenting symptoms of the disease, pattern of progression, clinical course, and family history of autoimmune or other diseases, surgeries and etcetera.
To prevent duplications of the data, a single ID number was dedicated to each patient. An informed consent letter was signed by each patient. Moreover, in all stages of the study, the last version of the Declaration of Helsinki was followed by the researcher, and the institutional ethical committee approved the use of the clinical information.
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Count and percentage of all qualitative variables, and mean and SD of all quantitative variables are presented in tables and figures. Among registered patients in MSQ and IMSS, were alive and 11 had died at the time of our investigation; their information was not included in our analysis. Based on the information by the census that estimated the population of Qom province to be , and considering the total of MS patients of Qom, the prevalence of the disease was calculated as Unfortunately, as one of the limitations of our study, it was not possible to calculate the incidence of MS disease in Qom.
Demographic features and some life style factors of the included patients are given in Table 1.
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The percentage of the women with MS exceeds that of the men, showing a total female-to-male ratio of 3. Table 2 summarizes the family history of MS, and other autoimmune disorders, and personal childhood history of infectious viral diseases. As illustrated in Figure 1 , the patients born in summer and in August were more frequent than other seasons and months, and a minority of the patients was born in autumn and October.
However, no significant differences were shown between them. Frequency of MS according to the season and month of birth of the patients from Qom The patients born in summer and in August were more frequent than other seasons and months. In our study, the first episode of neurological impairment, lasting for 24 hours stated by the patients, was considered as the onset of MS, regardless of the diagnosis of the disease. The mean age of onset of the disease was calculated to be Figure 2 categorizes the patients in four age groups ranging from bellow 20 year olds up to 50 year olds.
As illustrated in this figure, approximately half of the patients, both women and men, were years old when the disease started, while a minority of them was We conceder the age bellow 16 years as an early-onset age, and above 50 years as late-onset age of MS. Approximately half of the patients, both women and men, were years old when the disease started, while a minority of them was With respect to the type of MS, depicted in Figure 3 , the majority of the patients The patients with secondary-progressive SP pattern, also appeared with considerable frequency According to Table 3 , the time interval between the onset of disease and definite MS diagnosis are categorized as less than 6 months In addition, with respect to the presenting symptoms of the disease, higher frequencies were calculated for sensory The majority of the patients suffered from relapsing-remitting RR , both women and men, at the time of registration.
The time interval between the onset of disease and definite MS diagnosis among patients from Qom. The amount of time of exposure to the sun ranged from 0 to more than minutes per day among the MS patients. In contrast, Iran has been previously thought to be located in the low risk zone of MS prevalence. In addition, recently, our study group in a demographic study of patients from Tehran, the most populated province of the country with a heterogeneous racial background, confirmed the findings of Etemadifar et al.
More recently, Moghtaderi et al. In accordance with all the former studies already mentioned, our present survey among MS patients from Qom province further strenthens the evidences of striking increase in prevalence of MS within the country. It is believed that MS is predominant among women compared to men.
Moreover, the results of the present study revealed that the RR type was the predominant pattern of MS, either totally or among the women, which is in accordance with previous reports.
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Moreover, the number of men suffering SP and or PP exceed that of women, that is not in accordance with our previos findings, and findings of Montalban and Rio and Kalanie et al. The results of the present study estimated that the mean age of the onset of MS in women is less than men, approximately 3 years. Additionally, It seems that MS mostly occurs in adults, and the late-onset age, calculated 0. This is in-line with our previous results and with those of many other investigations. We found about a three times higher prevalence of MS among married people, both the women and the men, than single patients.
In addition, widowed or divorced patients, compared to single patients, appeared to be at a lower risk level. These results are in agreement with our former data from investigating the epidemiology of MS in Tehran. Moreover, there are few studies concerning the role of marriage status in MS. It is suggested that in general, individuals with MS have a genetic predisposition to autoimmunity. There are some evidences that viral infections may contribute to the increase in susceptibility to MS in both children and adults; however, some controversial data exist.
Seasonal effects on risk of MS has been suggested by many studies, describing the patients born in spring with higher frequency of MS births and those born in the autumn with less frequency of MS. Our study shows no significant differences among months and seasons of both of the MS patients. This is in agreement with the studies by Givon et al. It is thought that exposure to sunlight, due to its role in vitamin D production, is involved in the development of MS.
According the results of the present study, Qom is located within a high risk zone of MS. In addition, regarding the previous studies in other provinces of Iran, the pattern of MS distribution does not seem to follow the latitude theory. Moreover, in Qom, women are probably at a higher risk of the disease, and the season and month of birth, and lack of adequate sunlight exposure may be effective in the risk of the disease.
Moghadasi AN. Iran J Neurol , 18 4 , 01 Oct PLoS One , 14 4 :e, 09 Apr J Neurol Sci , , 23 May Cited by: 0 articles PMID: Iran J Neurol , 16 1 , 01 Jan Iran J Public Health , 46 5 , 01 May To arrive at the top five similar articles we use a word-weighted algorithm to compare words from the Title and Abstract of each citation. Eur Neurol , 64 6 , 13 Nov Cited by: 39 articles PMID: Int Rev Neurobiol , , 01 Jan Cited by: 41 articles PMID: BMC Neurol , 20 1 , 12 Feb J Neurol , 12 , 17 Mar Coronavirus: Find the latest articles and preprints.
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Khalilnezhad A ,. Naser Moghadasi A ,. Samira Chaibakhsh Search articles by 'Samira Chaibakhsh'. Chaibakhsh S ,. Sahraian MA. Affiliations 1 author 1. Share this article Share with email Share with twitter Share with linkedin Share with facebook. METHODS:Demographic and clinical records of MS patients were reviewed, which included; age, sex, date of birth, marital and occupation status, presenting symptoms, time of onset, type and family history of MS, and history of autoimmune or other diseases.
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Background Recent studies have demonstrated controversial results and somewhat increased frequency of multiple sclerosis MS. Methods Demographic and clinical records of MS patients were reviewed, which included; age, sex, date of birth, marital and occupation status, presenting symptoms, time of onset, type and family history of MS, and history of autoimmune or other diseases. Results At the time of our study, 11 patients had died, and were alive with a total female-to-male ratio of 3.
Conclusion Qom is located within a high risk zone of MS. Study Area This study was conducted during February to August in Qom Province located in the center of Iran, within the latitudes and the longitudes, Population at Risk According to the census, the total population of Qom province was people among which Ethics To prevent duplications of the data, a single ID number was dedicated to each patient.
Open in a separate window. Figure 1. Table 1 Demographic features and some life style factors of MS patients of Qom. Figure 2. The age of onset of MS among patients from Qom Approximately half of the patients, both women and men, were years old when the disease started, while a minority of them was Figure 3. Type of MS among patients from Qom The majority of the patients suffered from relapsing-remitting RR , both women and men, at the time of registration.
In , a group of international human rights experts met in Yogyakarta, Indonesia and drafted a set of international principles relating to sexual orientation and gender identity. Criminal heterosexual relations i. Adulterers, on the other hand, are subject to execution by stoning, Islamic Penal Code, Iran, arts.
Background
Islamic Penal Code, Iran, art. Article absolves a male victim of rape of any criminal liability because he is deemed to have not participated in the act willingly. In Iran, forcible sodomy or rape of a male by another male is often referred to as lavat beh onf. It should be noted, however, that under Iranian law lavat includes both forcible and consensual sodomy.
If, however, the active partner is a non-Muslim and the passive partner a Muslim, the penalty for the active partner is death. Each offender receives lashes upon the third conviction. For further discussion of forced confessions; see sectionVIII.