Dating law in Gaza Palestine

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Residents were left with just a few hours of electricity service per day for the remainder of the year, disrupting access to water and sanitation, among other problems. Hamas continued to persecute critical journalists and other perceived opponents during the year, and persisted in its application of the death penalty without due process.

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In October, Egypt brokered a reconciliation agreement between Hamas and the PA, raising the possibility of presidential and legislative elections across the Palestinian territories, but implementation of the deal had stalled by year's end due partly to disagreements about control over internal security in the Gaza Strip. Confrontations between Palestinian protesters and Israeli troops near the border fence escalated following the U. The PA has not held a presidential election since , when the Fatah faction's Mahmoud Abbas won with 62 percent of the vote.

Hamas seized control of the Gaza Strip in a violent rift with Fatah and the West Bank-based PA in , and it has largely rejected Abbas's authority to date. Abbas's electoral mandate expired in , though he continued to govern in the West Bank. However, the PLC elected in was unable to function due to the break between Fatah and Hamas and Israel's detention of many lawmakers, and Hamas did not recognize Abbas's dismissal of Prime Minister Ismail Haniya in Despite repeated attempts to form new PA unity governments with Fatah, Hamas officials have exercised de facto executive authority in the Gaza Strip since then.

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In February , Yahya Sinwar was chosen in a closed election by Hamas members to serve as the head of government in Gaza. In October, Hamas and Fatah signed a renewed reconciliation agreement brokered by Egypt, but implementation remained stalled at year's end amid disputes over security responsibilities and other issues, and no schedule for presidential elections was set.

Palestinians: If Israel left the West Bank and Gaza, would there be peace with Israel?

Although the two factions initially formed a unity government headed by Haniya of Hamas, the schism left that government and the PLC itself unable to function, and the legislature's mandate expired in Moreover, Israeli forces have repeatedly detained many PLC members since , and up to 13 were in detention during The PA held municipal council elections in the West Bank in May , but Hamas refused to participate, and no voting was held in Gaza. The Gaza Strip was also excluded from the last municipal elections in The reconciliation pact raised the prospect of new parliamentary elections, but no timetable had been established by year's end.

Hamas officials implement the Palestinian Basic Law and PA electoral laws selectively, and no open elections for any office have been held in Gaza since Hamas refused to participate in the municipal elections on the grounds that the Fatah-led PA had organized them unilaterally and undermined national unity. Since , Gaza has functioned as a de facto one-party state under Hamas rule, though restrictions on Fatah are sometimes eased depending on the state of reconciliation talks.

Smaller factions are also tolerated to varying degrees. Also during the year, Fatah and other groups were able to hold public demonstrations in support of Palestinian hunger strikers in Israeli prisons. The indefinite postponement of elections in Gaza has prevented any opportunities for a change in the political status quo.

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Implementation of the reconciliation agreement, which would have eventually led to elections, faltered in part over the issue of control over Gaza's internal security, with Hamas seeking to retain its independent armed wing and a dominant security position in the territory despite a lack of political and legal legitimacy. Israel's ongoing blockade of Gaza continued to hamper the development of normal civilian political competition, partly by providing a pretext for most political factions to maintain armed wings, seek patronage from foreign powers with their own political agendas, and neglect basic governance concerns.

During , the West Bank-based PA reduced payments for electricity supplies and salaries for government employees in the Gaza Strip as part of an apparent effort to anger the public and increase political pressure on Hamas. Hamas makes little effort to address the rights of marginalized groups within Gazan society. However, women are mostly excluded from leadership positions in Hamas and absent from public political events in practice.

LGBT rights in the State of Palestine

Gazan women do actively participate in civil society gatherings that touch on political issues. There were no meaningful openings in the highly repressive environment for LGBT lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender people during The expiration of the presidential and parliamentary terms has left Gaza's authorities with no electoral mandate, and in Hamas continued to govern unilaterally, including though its own ad hoc executive, legislative, and judicial bodies. The ability of Palestinian officials to make and implement policy in Gaza is severely circumscribed by Israeli and Egyptian border controls, Israeli military actions, and the ongoing schism with the internationally recognized PA structure in the West Bank.

Israel maintains a heavy security presence around Gaza's land and sea perimeters, using live fire to keep anyone from entering buffer zones near these boundaries, which further reduces local control over the territory. Hamas has been accused of corrupt practices related public services and its controls on the distribution of aid, which is crucial to daily life in Gaza given that about 80 percent of the population depends on international assistance due to the blockade.

No new anticorruption safeguards were announced when PA officials deployed to the border crossings in November as part of the reconciliation deal. The Hamas-controlled government has no effective or independent mechanisms for ensuring transparency in its funding, procurements, or operations. It relies in large part on opaque foreign patronage, reportedly receiving increased support for its armed wing from Iran during The media are not free in Gaza.

a. Arbitrary Deprivation of Life and Other Unlawful or Politically Motivated Killings

Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) people in Palestine face legal challenges and discrimination not experienced by non-LGBT residents. Male homosexuality is illegal in the Gaza Strip but not in the West Bank, Israeli and a Palestinian, face prejudice and other challenges while they date each other in Tel Aviv. Palestinian law is the law administered by the Palestinian National Authority within the territory Examples include the discussion (in a reference work dating from ) of the Talmudic interpretation of laws from Palestine before 70 AD, also known as The law applied in different parts of the West Bank and Gaza strip is a.

The Palestinian Center for Development and Media Freedoms MADA documented 35 press freedom violations by Palestinian authorities in Gaza during , including eight arrests, several detentions and interrogations, and at least four physical attacks. In one prominent case, a Gaza court convicted journalist Hajar Abu Samra of libel for a television investigation of corruption in the health sector, issuing a sentence of six months in jail plus fines; she was tried secretly and in absentia while she sought cancer treatment in Jordan, and the verdict was suspended after an appeal.

In addition to journalists, Hamas operatives have detained or harassed bloggers and well-known social media users for critical posts. Comedian and singer Adel al-Mashoukhi was detained in January when he posted complaints about Hamas on Facebook. The Israeli blockade and Egyptian controls on the Rafah crossing generally restricted the movement of journalists into and out of Gaza. NGO Development. Provision of human rights documentation and books to NGOs. Technical and financial assistance for legislative review and commentary on six draft laws by NGOs.

See Table 11, infra. Support to the Alternative Information Centre for the promotion of residency and refugee rights. Support to the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights for work on human rights and the peace process. Financial support to Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, to promote human rights work.

Financial support to Hamoked — Centre for the Defence of the Individual. Financial support to Palestinian Centre for Peace and Democracy. CIDA, Can. Purchase of computer and audio visual equipment for the legal library and research facility of the Palestinian Centre for Human Rights. Financial support to the Alternative Information Centre for development of a programme of residency and refugee rights. Support to Hamoked for legal advocacy on behalf of Palestinian detainees in Israeli prisons.

Support to Defence for Children International for defence of Palestinian juveniles in Israeli detention, to seek commutation of sentencing. Assistance to Society of St. Yves, for project on increasing housing supply in East Jerusalem. Palestinian Human Rights Monitoring Group. Support to University of Athens, for early childhood education programme.

Financial support to the Free Voice Magazine, for publication of magazine. Support to Panorama democracy center, to establishing an open access resource center in Ramallah. Support to Palestine — Israel Journal, for production of human rights journal and other activities. Support to Al-Quds University Institute of Modern Media, for development of training modules on human rights, provision of equipment.

Assistance to Jerusalem Media and Communication Centre JMCC , for study visit to examine coverage of parliamentary proceedings, and for follow-up workshop on role of media in developing a democratic society. Support to Forum for Democracy, for seminars on human rights, provision of equipment and consultancy support.

Forum for Democracy. Support to senior representatives of five different human rights NGOs, for participation in human rights conference, and for post-conference human rights debate. Support to Panorama for institutional development. Provision of computers and related equipment to Hamoked — Centre for the Defence of the Individual. Support to Jerusalem Link for project on sharing Jerusalem. Support to Al Haq for purchase of mobile telephones for field workers. Support to human rights NGOs to enhance the development of the rule of law. Financial support for the Alternative Information Center.

Financial support to Peace Now, for youth activities work. Support to Palestinian Housing Rights Consortium, for training in housing rights. Palestine Economic Policy Research Institute. Support to Palestinian Centre for Human Rights, for promotion of issues on prisoners and detention. See Tables 7 and 8, supra.

The ongoing struggle of Palestinian women

Legislative Council Capacity Development. Support for the establishment of the Palestinian Legislative Council. Training programme for Palestinian officials. Technical and financial assistance to the PLC. Technical assistance for the development of operating rules and procedures of the Council.